Electric Vehicle Safety: How to Handle and Prevent Battery Fires
As electric vehicles (EVs) become more popular in Australia, both for private use and in commercial fleets, it's important to understand the fire safety considerations associated with this new technology. While EVs are generally safe to operate and park, certain safety risks, such as battery fires, require awareness and preparedness.
EV Battery Fires: Rare but Possible
EV battery fires are extremely rare, and data shows that the risk is lower than for internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. In Australia, as of January 2025, only 10 EV battery fires have occurred during normal use. The breakdown:
4 due to significant battery damage in collisions.
5 from exposure to external fires (2 arson, 3 in building fires).
1 during charging (to be discussed in next article).
Despite these low numbers, EV battery fires tend to attract more attention in the media, often because they involve newer technology. Furthermore, fires in other lithium-ion devices (like e-bikes and e-scooters) are more common, but these are distinct from road-registered EVs, which adhere to stricter safety standards.
Key Safety Considerations for EV Owners
Collisions: After a collision, while unlikely, the battery could experience thermal runaway—a dangerous overheating reaction. Signs include loud popping, hissing, or whistling noises. In such cases, move away from the vehicle, call 000, and inform the operator that an EV is involved.
Flooding and Fire: If an EV is exposed to water (e.g., flooding) or extreme heat (e.g., bushfire or building fire), the risk of a battery fire increases. In these cases contact your insurer.
Recalls: Always return your EV if it has been recalled due to potential fire hazards. Ensure your vehicle is checked for safety.
Thermal Runaway: This is a critical issue for first responders. If the battery pack is damaged, it can cause a chain reaction in the battery cells, resulting in overheating and fire. Thermal runaway is hard to extinguish and may require special techniques. Emergency responders, including firefighters, are being trained on how to manage these incidents effectively.
Responding to an EV Fire
Thermal runaway is challenging to manage because the chemical reaction inside the battery can take time to control. It may require additional water and effort compared to traditional vehicle fires.
Emergency services, including firefighters and tow truck drivers, are receiving ongoing training to handle EV fires safely.
Resources for EV Fire Safety
ANCAP Rescue App: This free app provides emergency response guides (ERGs) that help both individual EV owners and fleet managers understand their vehicle's safety features.
Regulatory Compliance Mark (RCM): Only use EV chargers with the RCM tick, indicating that they meet Australian safety standards. Ensure that chargers are installed by qualified electricians to ensure compliance.
EV Fire Safe: Funded by the Australian Department of Defence, EV Fire Safe is conducting research and developing techniques to manage EV-related fire risks. Their work is vital for improving emergency response strategies.
Conclusion
While EV battery fires are rare, it's crucial for Australian EV owners to be aware of the risks and know how to respond. By staying informed, following safety guidelines, and using certified equipment, you can help ensure your safety and the safety of others in the event of an emergency.
